Wyoming, the 10th largest state in the United States by land area, is known for its vast open landscapes, rich natural resources, and sparse population. While the state itself is large, not all of its counties share the same size or population density. When it comes to the smallest county in Wyoming, it depends on how you define “smallest” — by land area or population.
Smallest County by Land Area: Hot Springs County
The smallest county in Wyoming by land area is Hot Springs County, encompassing just 2,004 square miles. This may still sound large, especially when compared to counties in more densely populated states, but it is the most compact among Wyoming’s 23 counties.
Hot Springs County is located in north-central Wyoming and was created in 1911 from parts of Big Horn, Fremont, and Park counties. The county gets its name from the natural hot springs found in the region, specifically in its county seat, Thermopolis. These hot springs are among the world’s largest mineral hot springs, making the area a notable destination for tourists and geology enthusiasts alike.
Thermopolis is home to the Hot Springs State Park, which draws visitors for its therapeutic waters, stunning rock formations, and wildlife including bison herds. Despite its small geographic size, the county boasts a rich cultural and natural heritage that attracts thousands of visitors each year.
As of the most recent U.S. Census Bureau estimates, Hot Springs County has a population of approximately 4,500 residents. More information about the county’s demographics can be found through the U.S. Census Bureau.
Smallest County by Population: Niobrara County
While Hot Springs County is the smallest in land area, Niobrara County is Wyoming’s least populous. Located in the eastern part of the state, Niobrara County had an estimated population of just 2,354 as of 2023, according to Wyoming Demographics.
The county seat of Niobrara County is Lusk, a small town known for its historical significance and tight-knit community. Niobrara was formed in 1911, the same year as Hot Springs County, and covers an area of around 2,628 square miles — making it significantly larger in land area than Hot Springs, despite its smaller population.
Niobrara County is a rural region characterized by rolling plains, ranching culture, and a quiet way of life. Its low population density reflects Wyoming’s broader demographic trend — the state has one of the lowest population densities in the U.S.
More official details and services about Niobrara County can be found on its official county website.
Why the Distinction Matters
Understanding the differences between the smallest county by land area and by population offers insight into Wyoming’s unique geographic and demographic profile. The state spans over 97,000 square miles but has a total population of just over 580,000, making it the least populous state in the nation.
This means counties can vary widely — some cover vast swathes of land with few residents, while others are smaller in size but more densely settled. These distinctions affect county-level governance, access to resources, and infrastructure planning.
County Formation in Wyoming
Wyoming’s 23 counties were created through legislative action during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as the state developed its infrastructure and political boundaries. You can explore historical details and current administrative divisions through the Wyoming State Archives.
Counties in Wyoming serve as vital administrative units, handling public services such as law enforcement, public health, education, and road maintenance. Despite the relatively small size or population of certain counties, each plays a critical role in the state’s overall governance structure.
Tourism and Natural Resources
Both Hot Springs and Niobrara counties offer more than just numbers — they highlight Wyoming’s unique blend of nature, history, and community.
- Hot Springs County is a geological wonder and tourism hotspot, especially due to its namesake hot springs and outdoor activities in Hot Springs State Park.
- Niobrara County preserves a quieter, rural Wyoming, often celebrated for its historical sites and slower pace of life. The Stagecoach Museum in Lusk showcases local history and is a must-visit for those interested in the American West.
Conclusion
While Hot Springs County claims the title of smallest county in Wyoming by land area, Niobrara County holds the title of smallest by population. Each offers a unique perspective on life in Wyoming — from mineral-rich springs and tourist attractions to sprawling ranches and close-knit communities.
Whether you’re measuring square miles or counting residents, these counties showcase the beauty and diversity of the Cowboy State in their own distinct ways.
For more detailed information about Wyoming’s counties and services, visit the official State of Wyoming website.
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